REXROTH插裝閥蓋板LFA25WEA-7X/A10P10 R900912683，德國力士樂插裝閥蓋板，購買進(jìn)口液壓、氣動、自動化控制工業(yè)配件，認(rèn)準(zhǔn)“上海韋米機(jī)電設(shè)備有限公司”，7年老店，保證產(chǎn)品原廠原裝，價格優(yōu)惠，售后無憂，歡迎新老客戶咨詢采購！
 
插裝閥在液壓系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用.
插裝閥具有內(nèi)阻小，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，工作可靠，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度高，對于大流量、高壓力、較復(fù)雜的液壓系統(tǒng)可以顯著的減小尺寸和重量等特點;而實心胎硫化機(jī)組液壓系統(tǒng)工作時需要大流量、高壓力油，因而，此系統(tǒng)可以應(yīng)用插裝閥滿足要求。
一、
插裝閥的工作原理及特點
插裝閥是另一類液壓控制閥的統(tǒng)稱。其基本核心元件是一種液控型、單控制口的裝于油路主級中的兩通液阻單元(故又稱二通插裝閥)。將一一個或若干個插入元件進(jìn)行不同的組合，并配以相應(yīng)的先導(dǎo)控制級，可以組成插裝閥的各種控制功能單元。比如方向控制功能單元、壓力控制單元、流量控制單元、復(fù)合控制功能單元。
插裝閥具有以下特點:內(nèi)阻小，適宜大流量工作，閥口多數(shù)采用錐面密封，因而泄漏小，對于乳化液等地粘度的工作介質(zhì)也適宜，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、工作可靠、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度高;對于大流量、高壓力、較復(fù)雜的液壓系統(tǒng)可以顯著的減小尺寸和重量。
其結(jié)構(gòu):先導(dǎo)閥，控制蓋板，插裝件。
它是由插入元件、控制蓋板、通道塊三大部分組成。插入元件有閥芯、閥套、彈簧和密封件組成;控制蓋板上根據(jù)插裝閥的不同控制功能，安裝有相應(yīng)的先導(dǎo)控制級元件;通道塊既是嵌入插入元件及安裝控制蓋板的基礎(chǔ)閥體，又是主油路和控制油路的連通體。其中A、B為主油路通口，C為控制油路通口。A、B、C油口的壓力和作用面積分別為PA、PB、PC和A1、A2、A3，A3=A1+A2， Fs為彈簧作用力。
二通插裝閥通過不同的蓋板和各種先導(dǎo)閥組合，便可構(gòu)成方向控制閥、壓力控制閥和流量控制閥。
1、插裝閥構(gòu)成壓力控制閥
根據(jù)插裝閥的工作原理當(dāng)PAA1+PBA2 >PCA3+FS時，閥芯開啟，油路A、B接通。插裝閥C14，當(dāng)電磁閥得電時，插裝閥C14的C口直接通油箱，其C口壓力為零。由此可知油路A、B接通，當(dāng)A口的壓力大于彈簧力的時候，系統(tǒng)壓力油回油箱，所以此插裝閥起溢流閥的作用，控制油缸徑油口壓力。
2、插裝閥構(gòu)成方向控制閥
由液壓動作程序表可知，同時得電,來控制主油缸上行運(yùn)動。當(dāng)兩者同時得電時插裝閥C11、C13的C口通油箱PA>FS時,A、B口直接相通，油液可從A流向B口;當(dāng)只有一個電磁閥得電時，主油缸下行運(yùn)動。其中C13的PA<PB,閥芯開啟，油液可從B流向A。此二處插裝閥起到了單向閥的作用。
3、插裝閥構(gòu)成流量控制閥
在閥的頂蓋上有閥芯升高限位裝置通過調(diào)節(jié)限位裝置的位置，便可調(diào)節(jié)閥口通流截面的大小，從而調(diào)節(jié)了流量。通過調(diào)節(jié)流量，可調(diào)節(jié)主油缸的下行速度。此插裝閥作節(jié)流閥。
三、
插裝閥在液壓系統(tǒng)的簡單應(yīng)用，通過更為復(fù)雜的組合，可以實現(xiàn)更多的液壓閥的功能。通過組合，插裝閥可作為壓力控制閥(順序閥、減壓閥)、流量控制閥(單向節(jié)流閥、節(jié)流閥)、方向控制閥(調(diào)速閥、液控單向閥、兩位兩通換向閥等)以及復(fù)合閥。


1、移架速度低已成為制約綜采產(chǎn)量的-一個重要因素。為加快移架速度,在支架的液壓系統(tǒng)中采用插裝閥。插裝式方向閥也是采用電磁閥作為先導(dǎo)閥，對主閥(錐閥進(jìn)行先導(dǎo)控制,控制原理等同于電液操縱閥，但插裝閥的通流能力(可達(dá)10000L/min以上大、響應(yīng)快、工作可靠等突出優(yōu)點，是管式閥無可比擬的，使其更適于在支架的電液控制系統(tǒng)中使用，而無需研制采用電磁先導(dǎo)控制的專用大流量主閥，既能滿足使用要求,又可改善工作性能,提高通用化程度,從根本上解決由管式閥固有缺陷所產(chǎn)生的問題。
此外，采用插裝閥設(shè)計支架液壓系統(tǒng)還具有下列優(yōu)勢:
(1插裝閥的優(yōu)點十分適合支架的工況。液壓支架的工況特點是:介質(zhì)粘度低、工作壓力高、流量大、工作環(huán)境惡劣、介質(zhì)污染嚴(yán)重。插裝閥的長處能得到充分發(fā)揮。
(2符合流體傳動技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢。為降低使用成本，消除環(huán)境污染，流體傳動技術(shù)正向著使用純水介質(zhì)方向發(fā)展。液壓支架是用同純水性質(zhì)比較接近的高水基乳化液作為工作介質(zhì)，很有可能成為該技術(shù)發(fā)展成果的受益者,正趨向于采用純水工作介質(zhì)。由于水的粘度低，要求閥的密封性好,以提高系統(tǒng)的效率。插裝閥采用錐面密封，具有優(yōu)良的密封性能，更適于在純水介質(zhì)中工作，應(yīng)作為純水支架的首選閥種。
(3抗污染能力強(qiáng)、工作可靠。支架工作在采煤面，介質(zhì)污染程度高，使閥芯磨損嚴(yán)重,縮短了閥的使用壽命，由此也導(dǎo)致了支架的各種故障，使工作可靠性降低，增加了維護(hù)時間，降低了工作面的生產(chǎn)率。插裝閥的閥芯和閥套間無嚴(yán)格的配合要求，磨損輕，不易堵塞,也不會產(chǎn)生液壓卡緊現(xiàn)象，在介質(zhì)較臟時仍能保證支架液壓系統(tǒng)正常、可靠地工作。
(4滿足某些特殊工況的需要。如用于周期來壓強(qiáng)烈的堅硬且難以冒落頂板的支撐式支架，在老頂突然來壓時，立柱下腔控制閥中的安全閥，要通過很大的瞬時流量,普通安全閥的通流能力遠(yuǎn)不能滿足通流要求，因而專門設(shè)計了充氣式大流量安全閥，來適應(yīng)這種工況。但該種閥的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，制造難度大，裝配要求高,工作可靠性差，很難滿足使用要求。而且，立柱下腔還要裝設(shè)普通安全閥來適應(yīng)正常工況的需要,這無疑會增加元件數(shù)量和制造成本。而采用插裝式溢流閥，則能很容易解決這一難題,又會使系統(tǒng)簡化。

2、工作原理分析
基于.上述分析,提出了用插裝閥設(shè)計電液控制支架液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計思想和方案，其工作原理。該系統(tǒng)由電氣和液壓兩部分組成,內(nèi)儲支架動作程序的微型計算機(jī)中央和支架控制器發(fā)出指令后，插裝式方向閥中的電磁先導(dǎo)閥先動作,啟閉相應(yīng)的兩通錐閥，接通或斷開立柱或推移千斤頂?shù)挠吐?使之按照-定順序動作。立柱或推移千斤頂?shù)墓ぷ鳡顩r由壓力和位移傳感器反饋到控制器，控制器根據(jù)反饋信號決定下一個動作。
由于中央控制器和支架控制器相互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，故從中央控制器或各架的控制器都可以控制工作面任何--架支架的動作。
中央控制器的作用是控制和協(xié)調(diào)每臺支架的控制器。此外，還能自動編程，修改系統(tǒng)參數(shù),監(jiān)測每臺支架的工作狀況,顯示采煤機(jī)運(yùn)行速度等。它可對支架的各個動作進(jìn)行單獨控制、順序控制、成組控制和全自動控制。支架控制器通過插裝式方向閥直接控制所在支架，同時將傳感器采集的工況數(shù)據(jù)向其它支架和中央控制器發(fā)送。支架液壓系統(tǒng)在接收到信號后，將完成下列動作過程:
(1升架立柱的動作由插裝式方向閥8控制,當(dāng)方向閥8中先導(dǎo)閥的電磁鐵
1YA通電2YA斷電時，該閥切換到左位,4個2通閥中的b和d的上腔通壓力油,處于關(guān)閉狀態(tài),a和c的上腔通油箱,處于開啟狀態(tài)，泵站提供的壓力液經(jīng)2通閥c和液控單向閥，此時液控單向閥中的二位三通先導(dǎo)閥處于位置,工作同于普通單向閥中的2通閥進(jìn)入立柱的下腔，立柱上腔的乳化液經(jīng)方向閥8中的二通閥a回液，立柱伸出,實現(xiàn)升架。
立柱的無桿腔油路_上設(shè)有插裝式液控單向閥和溢流閥組成的控制閥組，當(dāng)頂梁接觸頂板，立柱下腔的壓力上升到泵站卸載壓力時,液控單向閥關(guān)閉，支架達(dá)到初撐力;此后，隨著頂板的下沉,使立柱下腔的壓力上升到溢流閥的調(diào)定開啟壓力時，溢流閥開啟卸載,立柱下腔的壓力又降低，當(dāng)立柱下腔的壓力降低到溢流閥的閉合壓力時，溢流閥又關(guān)閉。此后，將重復(fù)上述過程，使立柱下腔的壓力在溢流閥的調(diào)定值附近變化，支架工作在恒阻支撐狀態(tài)。由于插裝閥的響應(yīng)速度快，使立柱下腔壓力變化小，支架的恒阻支撐性好,利于頂板的管理。
該系統(tǒng)在支架的升架過程中也實現(xiàn)了初撐、增阻和恒阻3個階段，初撐力的大小由泵站壓力決定,工作阻力的大小由溢流閥的調(diào)定壓力決定。
(2降架當(dāng)使插裝式方向閥8中先導(dǎo)閥的電磁鐵2YA通電,1YA斷電時,該閥切換到右位,4個二通閥中的a和c的上腔通壓力油，處于關(guān)閉狀
態(tài),b和d的上腔通油箱,處于開啟狀態(tài)，泵站提供的壓力液經(jīng)二通閥b進(jìn)入立柱的上腔，同時將液控單向閥中的先導(dǎo)閥切換到右位，使其中二通閥的上腔通油箱,處于開啟狀態(tài)，立柱下腔的油液經(jīng)液控單向閥中的二通閥回液，立柱縮回，實現(xiàn)降架。.降架結(jié)束后，將方向閥中先導(dǎo)閥置于圖示中間閥位(1YA和2YA均斷電，此時,4個二通閥的上腔均通壓力油,處于關(guān)閉狀態(tài)，立柱的兩腔油路也均被封閉，支架停留在某一高度位置,準(zhǔn)備移架。
(3推溜和移架推移千斤頂?shù)膭幼饔刹逖b式方向閥9控制,當(dāng)將方向閥中的先導(dǎo)閥置于右位(4YA通電,3YA斷電和左位(3YA通電,4YA斷電時時,分別控制著推移千斤頂活塞桿的伸出和縮回，實現(xiàn)推溜和移架。推移動作完成后，將先導(dǎo)閥置于中位斷電,4個二通閥的上腔均通壓力油,處于關(guān)閉狀態(tài)，推移千斤頂?shù)膬汕挥吐肪�被封閉,推移動作停止。在接到新的指令后，支架將開始下一個動作循環(huán)。
當(dāng)將方向閥中的電磁先導(dǎo)閥換成手動閥時，即能用插裝閥設(shè)計現(xiàn)有手動控制方式支架的液壓系統(tǒng),以改善支架的工作性能、提高其工作可靠性。分析表明，用插裝:閥設(shè)計的電液控制支架的液壓系統(tǒng)，能滿足支架的工作要求,基于同樣的原理，可用插裝閥設(shè)計出所有類型和型號的液壓支架的液壓系統(tǒng)。
REXROTH插裝閥蓋板LFA25WEA-7X/A10P10 R900912683
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二通插裝閥是插裝閥基本組件( 閥芯、閥套、彈簧和密封圈)插到特別設(shè)計加工的閥體內(nèi)，配以蓋板、先導(dǎo)閥組成的一種多功能的復(fù)合閥。因每個插裝閥基本組件有且只有兩個油口，故被稱為二通插裝閥，早期又稱為邏輯閥。
1、二通插裝閥的特點
二通插裝閥具有下列特點:流通能力大，壓力損失小，適用于大流量液壓系統(tǒng);主閥芯行程短，動作靈敏，響應(yīng)快，沖擊小;抗油污能力強(qiáng)，對油液過濾精度無嚴(yán)格要求;結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，維修方便，故障少，壽命長;插件具有一閥多能的特性，便于組成各種液壓回路，工作穩(wěn)定可靠，插件具有通用化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、系列化程度很高的零件，可以組成集成化系統(tǒng)。
2、二通插裝閥的組成
二通插裝閥由插裝元件、控制蓋板、先導(dǎo)控制元件和插裝塊體四部分組成。圖1是二通插裝閥的典型結(jié)構(gòu)
控制蓋板用以固定插裝件，安裝先導(dǎo)控制閥，內(nèi)裝棱閥、溢流閥等。控制蓋板內(nèi)有控制油通道，配有一個或多個阻尼螺塞。通常蓋板有五個控制油孔:X、Y、Z1、Z2和中心孔a。由于蓋板是按通用性來設(shè)計的，具體運(yùn)用到某個控制油路上有的孔可能被堵住不用。為防止將蓋板裝錯，蓋板上的定位孔，起標(biāo)定蓋板方位的作用。另外，拆卸蓋板之前就必須看清、記牢蓋板的安.裝方法。
先導(dǎo)控制元件稱作先導(dǎo)閥，是小通徑的電磁換向閥。塊體是嵌入插裝元件，安裝控制蓋板和其它控制閥、溝通主油路與控制油路的基礎(chǔ)閥體。插裝元件由閥芯、閥套、彈簧以及密封件組成(圖3 )。每只插件有兩個連接主油路的通口，閥芯的正面稱為A口;閥芯環(huán)側(cè)面的稱作B口。閥芯開啟，A口和B口溝通;閥芯閉合，A口和B口之間中斷。因而插裝閥的功能等同于2位2通閥。故稱二通插裝閥，簡稱插裝閥。

根據(jù)用途不同分為方向閥組件、壓力閥組件和流量閥組件。同一通徑的三種組件安裝尺寸相同，但閥芯的結(jié)構(gòu)形式和閥套座直徑不同。三種組件均有兩個主油口A和B、一個控制口x。
插裝閥基本組件：1-閥套2-密封件3-閥芯4-彈簧5-蓋板6-阻尼孔7-閥芯。

插裝閥主要組合與功能
1、插裝方向控制閥
插裝閥可以組合成各式方向控制閥。
1)作單向閥
將x腔和A或B腔連通，即成為單向閥。連接方法不同，其導(dǎo)通方式也不同。若在控制蓋板上如圖5c連接一個二位三通液動換向閥，即可組成液控單向閥。
2)
作二位二通閥
二位三通閥，即可組成二位二通電液閥。
3)作二位三通閥
連接二位四通閥，即可組成二位三通電液換向閥。
4)作二位四通閥
連接二位四通閥，即可組成二位四通電液換向閥。
5)作三位四通閥0型換向閥
連接三位四通閥換向閥和單向閥，即可組成三位四通閥中位為0型電液換向閥。
6)作多機(jī)能四通閥
連接換向閥，利用對電磁換向閥的控制實現(xiàn)多機(jī)能功能。
2、插裝壓力控制閥
對插裝閥的x腔進(jìn)行壓力控制，便可構(gòu)成壓力控制閥。
1)作溢流閥或順序閥
在壓力型插裝閥芯的控制蓋板上連接先導(dǎo)調(diào)壓閥(溢流閥) ,當(dāng)出油口接油箱，此閥起溢流閥作用;當(dāng)出油口接另一工作油路，則為順序閥。
2)作卸荷閥
連接二位二通換向閥，當(dāng)電磁鐵通電時，出口接油箱，則構(gòu)成卸荷閥。
3)作減壓閥
采用插裝閥芯和溢流閥連接，則構(gòu)成減壓閥。液壓油P從1流入P2流出，出口油液通過閥芯上的中心阻尼孔、蓋板和先導(dǎo)閥接通。當(dāng)減壓閥出口的壓力較小，不足以頂開先導(dǎo)閥芯時，主閥芯上的阻尼孔只起通油作用，使主閥芯上、下兩腔的液壓力相等，而上腔又有一個小彈簧作用，必使主閥芯處在F端極限位置，減壓閥芯大開，不起減壓作用; 當(dāng)壓力增大到先導(dǎo)閥的開啟壓力時，先導(dǎo)閥打開，泄漏油液單獨流回油箱，實行外泄。減壓閥在調(diào)定壓力下正常工作時，由于出口壓力與先導(dǎo) 閥溢流壓力和主閥芯彈簧力的平衡作用，維持節(jié)流降壓口為某定值。當(dāng)出口壓力增大，由于阻尼孔液流阻力的作用產(chǎn)生壓力降，主閥芯所受的力不平衡，使閥芯上移，減小節(jié)流降壓口，使節(jié)流降壓作用增強(qiáng);反之，出口的壓力減小時，閥芯下移，增大節(jié)流降壓口，使節(jié)流降壓作用減弱，控制出口的壓力維持在調(diào)定值。
3、插裝流量控制閥
插裝流量閥同樣有節(jié)流閥和調(diào)速閥等型式。
1)作節(jié)流閥
在方向控制插裝閥的蓋板上安裝閥芯行程調(diào)節(jié)器，調(diào)節(jié)閥芯和閥體間節(jié)流口的開度便可控制閥口的通流面積，起節(jié)流閥的作用，如圖12a。實際應(yīng)用時，起節(jié)流閥作用的插裝閥芯一般采用滑閥結(jié)構(gòu)，并在閥芯上開節(jié)流溝槽。
2)作調(diào)速閥
插裝式節(jié)流閥同樣具有隨負(fù)載變化流量不穩(wěn)定的問題。如果采取措施保證節(jié)流閥的進(jìn)、出口壓力差恒定，則可實現(xiàn)調(diào)速閥功能。如圖12b連接的減壓閥和節(jié)流閥就起到這樣的作用。

液壓機(jī)是對金屬材料塑料、橡膠和粉末冶金制品進(jìn)行壓力加工的設(shè)備，在工業(yè)部門得到了廣泛應(yīng)用,如金屬材料的拉伸、沖裁彎曲翻邊冷擠壓以及成型加工等，還用于校正、壓裝、粉末冶金制品和磨料制品的壓制成型及塑料制品、絕緣材料的壓制成型等。為完成上述工作,液壓機(jī)應(yīng)能產(chǎn)生較大的壓力,因此,液壓系統(tǒng)工作壓力、尺寸和流量也大,對其設(shè)計要求也高,是較典型的高壓大流量系統(tǒng)。①液壓系統(tǒng)壓力應(yīng)能經(jīng)常變換和調(diào)節(jié),并能產(chǎn)生較大壓力，以滿足不同的工作要求。②空程速度大、加壓時推力大,系統(tǒng)功率大,要求功率利用率高。③空程與壓制時,其速度與壓力相差甚大,所以多采用高低壓泵組或恒功率變量泵供油系統(tǒng).以滿足低壓快速行程和高壓慢速行程要求。